The Straight Cut: This is when there is a sudden change of shot from one viewpoint to another.
The Matched Cut: This is when a familiar relationship between the shots make the change seem smooth.
The Motivated Cut (Aka The shot/The reverse shot):This is a cut used to show the viewer something not immediately visible.
The Jump Cut:This is a abrupt switch from one scene to another. Mostly used to make a dramatic point.
The Reaction Shot:This is a shot where the participant reacts to events. This is often used to guide the audiences reaction to a scene.
The Wipe:This is a optical effect where one shot 'wipes' another off the screen for a dramatic effect.
The Fade:Transition To/From a blank screen (usually black)
The Dissolve:This is a slow transition as one image slowly merges into another
Screen time: important transition, when a director is editing footage, they decide how long a character goes on the screen for to show that character impotances.
Slow motion/speed it up: if the director chooses to speed it up, its a comedy or its not that important and if they slow it down then it shows that that scene is important.
Fliters: when you put sepia or black and white for a vintage look mainly used for flash backs or deep thought
cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually, although not always, followed by a cut back to the first shot, when the cutaway avoids a jump cut
Flashback is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point the story has reached. Flashbacks are often used to recount events that happened before the story’s primary sequence of events or to fill in crucial backstory.
Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene. Live-action shooting for compositing is variously called "chroma key",
An L cut, also known as a split edit, is an edit transition from one shot to another in film or video, where the picture and sound are synchronized but the transitions in each are not coincident.
A long take or oner is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes.
distortion/annimated : when the screen goes blurry, and spins and makes the thing what is on the screen to look dioreintated
parralel cut: is when you cut from one place to another so it can show the link
Tuesday 20 November 2012
Key Points
representation
camera
editing
other
· Male and Female Gaze: The male gaze is where women are sexually objectified in front of camera and the female gaze is when men are sexually objectified.
· Multiculturalism: The positive referencing of people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
· Secondary Persona: The representation of a star / celebrity through other media.
· Binary Opposition: Two very different things that are placed against each other to create meaning for audiences e.g. hero v villain.
· Diegetic Sound: Sound that is coming from the scene.
· Non-Diegetic Sound: Sound that is overlaid in post production e.g. music or narrative voice over.
.
camera
· Two Shot: Often used to show two characters within the frame communication with each other, one of the left and the other on the right.
· Shot / Reverse Shot: A shot where the camera is placed behind the shoulder of one character, looking in talking to him/her and vice versa (the camera cuts to the next shot behind the shoulder of the other character again looking helping audiences understand the relationship between them).
· Reaction Shots: Where the camera cuts away to a person for a reaction to something in the narrative.
· High Angle Camera: A camera that is placed higher than a subject – stereotypically it can make them seem more vulnerable although this is not always the case.
· Aerial Shot / Top Shot: A camera that is directly above a subject to give a different perspective which can be voyeuristic.
· Steadicam: A camera that is held at the waist on spring suspension that gives the camera operator the chance to film without the frame moving. It also allows for the following of a character through space without the need for a cut.
· Intercutting: Where the camera alternates between cutting between scenes.
· Long Takes: A shot that is not edited or cut for a length of time.
· HD: High Definition (viewing format).
editing
- High Key Lighting: Lighting that is bright and illuminates a scene and help to construct mood/meaning.
· Diffuse Lighting: Softer lighting.
· Three Point Lighting: Three different types of lighting that illuminates a whole scene – Key lighting (main), Fill Lighting (from the side), Back Lighting.
· Flash Cut Editing: Where the edit / cut is accompanied by a flash of white light.
mise-en-scene
· Mise-En-Scene: Everything in the shot – lighting /colour / setting / dress code / objects and props / pose / body language / facial expressions / make up / acting / camera movement.
other
· Ensemble Cast: Where TV Drama for example has number of recognisable characters that often for part of tea.
· Narrative Arcs: Common themes that recur throughout a programme or series.
· Star Marketing: Where an established star is cast in a particular role.
· On Location: Where filming is in real life locations, not in a studio.
· Critical Success: Success that is evidence by awards and positive reviews.
· Commercial Success: Where success is measured by financial gain e.g. DVD sales.
· Scheduling: Programmes are deliberately ‘scheduled’ to be broadcast at a certain time depending on their content.
· Prime Time: 6pm – 9pm.
· Ratings: How many viewers watch a programme.
· Clone: Copying the format.
· Anchoring: Giving something definite meaning.
· Connoting: A meaning that is established through interpretation of audio-visual symbols.
· Brand Identity: Where audiences are aware of the name of a media text or in advertising, the name of the manufacturer of the product.
· Encode: How meaning is put in by the writer/producer of a media text.
· Voyeurism: The pleasure of looking at other people.
· Narrative Continuity: Where the storyline continues and audiences see no obvious break or interruption in this.
· Hybridised: A mix of two genres.
· Sub Genre: A division of a genre e.g. a genre within a genre (Medical Drama and TV Drama).
· Enigmatic: Little is known about a character, audiences are kept guessing.
· Intertextuality: Where one media text references another.
· Mainstream: Traditional, dominant representations expected by a mass audience.
· High Production Values: Where a programme has significant funding which can be evidenced by things like Star Marketing, Set and Production Design.
· Post Watershed: A television programmed that is broadcast after 9pm.
· Cultural Stereotyping: A common, over generalised and often exaggerated representation based on limited information and often used for entertainment purposes.
· Mass, Mainstream Audiences: Lots of viewers!
· Demographic: A detailed breakdown of the target audience.
· Conventions: Common features found in TV Dramas like Medical Dramas.
· Escapist: Drama that allows audiences to leave the realism of their everyday lives into a world that they are not familiar with.
· Hyper Real: Exaggerated, non realist representations.
· Multi Stranded Narrative: Several storylines happening at the same time.
· Narrative Theme: A serious social issue that is explored in a media text e.g. a TV Drama.
· In-House Marketing: Where all the advertising and marketing of a programme is by the organisation that made it e.g. BBC adverts on BBC on programmes.
· Low Brow Genre Television: Poor quality television.
· Audience Identification: Where audiences recognise the narrative, genre conventions of issues of representation – they are familiar with it.
· Escapism: Where audiences can escape from the reality of their lives.
· Synergy: The ability of two or more compatible forms to sell each other e.g. Casualty and Holby City.
· Convergence: Where links are available to other media forms – normally in digital media.
Monday 12 November 2012
Analysis on sound verse no sound
sound vs no sound
digital clock, makes it as though time is important in this.
robotic noicses gives it a furturistic theme, give sthe thoughts of maybe he is futuristic
technology crackerling
belt buckling the studio recorded sound makes it seem as though, him getting ready is this big thing
a voice whispering that you cant quiet hear gives the illusion of voices in his head whispering to him
sound track sounds bumpy contantly rewinding getting louder and louder.gives it that its old and something is interfering making the tention of the whole thing rise up
quiet and door slams start of new track, give sthe affect of forcefulness, that what he is doing is important
and a different sound track happens this is more upbeat, and fast pace. and gets louder so it builds up pace and the atmosphere
, jumping noises - like super hero. you would expect to here this for important jumps, superhero like,
landing noises every foot step means something, he is runningb but where to?
and foot steps.
flying noise for the paper airoplane like a slight airaplane going down.
then a crashing sound. makes it sound like a real plane is crashing giving it importance and making it centre of attention as that is the sound over the music in the back gorund
she swears and it goes slightly makes what she says important as what she does say is linked into what type of person she is and makes it seem as though something is going to happen
you can hear the wqater and seagulls in the background faintlythis makes it look mysterious as you cant really tell who threw the areoplane
sound of the paper in her hand what ever is in her hand is importnat and it also gives it a realistic theme to it as well
then the theme tune starts in the back ground and starts to get louder meaning that what evewr shes thinking is importnat also because its a theme tune meaning that its the end of the begining clip and now it will what happens after it
what is happening:
looking at a clock counting down
pictures on a wall
someone gettong ready
hood up
masked figure looking at clocks and pictures
opens doors and walks out
flips inthe air like ninja?
black poeople having sexual tention time togther
simon looking at a dead body is a freezer
see the city
kelly smoking
air a plane flying and hits her in the eye
picks it up
looks around confused
start of the introduction
expect to hear:
music, laughing, wind, kelly swearing, hear the sitting and jumping noises, clock noises as well, door shutting, sound track fast pace, building tention. sound of the city
this shows that you can clealry mis judge something and the meaning of it just by looking ta it. the sound gives it its true meaning and emotion.
how do you work out the meaning with no sound
to work out the meaning of the tv show with no sound in much more harder to get because you arent being spoon fed what to feel by music an dsound. but just by looking at their facial expressions and the costumes they wear and the background as well. you would have to sterotype what they are wearing and where they are and then you can find a meaning of what is happening. for example you see two teenagers smoking, drinking and wearing a full body track suit in a council estate then you would assossicate them with 'chavs' and working class and not really nice people.
what is the impact of sound and how does it create meaning
the impact of sound is that it tells you how to feel and what the characters are feeling at that moment and what is happening. for example there is always music in a tv show. this tells you what to feel and when and also fits in nicely with what is being said or done with the character on the frame. dialoge gives the effect of what the tv show being real life. studio recorded sounds makes the normal sounds stand out so if something is important that happens like a phone ringing your attention is naturally drawn towards the ringing sound. this creates meaning because you know what is happening and your understanding of the tv show and what it is about becomes more clear.
digital clock, makes it as though time is important in this.
robotic noicses gives it a furturistic theme, give sthe thoughts of maybe he is futuristic
technology crackerling
belt buckling the studio recorded sound makes it seem as though, him getting ready is this big thing
a voice whispering that you cant quiet hear gives the illusion of voices in his head whispering to him
sound track sounds bumpy contantly rewinding getting louder and louder.gives it that its old and something is interfering making the tention of the whole thing rise up
quiet and door slams start of new track, give sthe affect of forcefulness, that what he is doing is important
and a different sound track happens this is more upbeat, and fast pace. and gets louder so it builds up pace and the atmosphere
, jumping noises - like super hero. you would expect to here this for important jumps, superhero like,
landing noises every foot step means something, he is runningb but where to?
and foot steps.
flying noise for the paper airoplane like a slight airaplane going down.
then a crashing sound. makes it sound like a real plane is crashing giving it importance and making it centre of attention as that is the sound over the music in the back gorund
she swears and it goes slightly makes what she says important as what she does say is linked into what type of person she is and makes it seem as though something is going to happen
you can hear the wqater and seagulls in the background faintlythis makes it look mysterious as you cant really tell who threw the areoplane
sound of the paper in her hand what ever is in her hand is importnat and it also gives it a realistic theme to it as well
then the theme tune starts in the back ground and starts to get louder meaning that what evewr shes thinking is importnat also because its a theme tune meaning that its the end of the begining clip and now it will what happens after it
what is happening:
looking at a clock counting down
pictures on a wall
someone gettong ready
hood up
masked figure looking at clocks and pictures
opens doors and walks out
flips inthe air like ninja?
black poeople having sexual tention time togther
simon looking at a dead body is a freezer
see the city
kelly smoking
air a plane flying and hits her in the eye
picks it up
looks around confused
start of the introduction
expect to hear:
music, laughing, wind, kelly swearing, hear the sitting and jumping noises, clock noises as well, door shutting, sound track fast pace, building tention. sound of the city
this shows that you can clealry mis judge something and the meaning of it just by looking ta it. the sound gives it its true meaning and emotion.
how do you work out the meaning with no sound
to work out the meaning of the tv show with no sound in much more harder to get because you arent being spoon fed what to feel by music an dsound. but just by looking at their facial expressions and the costumes they wear and the background as well. you would have to sterotype what they are wearing and where they are and then you can find a meaning of what is happening. for example you see two teenagers smoking, drinking and wearing a full body track suit in a council estate then you would assossicate them with 'chavs' and working class and not really nice people.
what is the impact of sound and how does it create meaning
the impact of sound is that it tells you how to feel and what the characters are feeling at that moment and what is happening. for example there is always music in a tv show. this tells you what to feel and when and also fits in nicely with what is being said or done with the character on the frame. dialoge gives the effect of what the tv show being real life. studio recorded sounds makes the normal sounds stand out so if something is important that happens like a phone ringing your attention is naturally drawn towards the ringing sound. this creates meaning because you know what is happening and your understanding of the tv show and what it is about becomes more clear.
how is age represented in Heaven by sound, mise-en-scene and camera angles
sound
has music fading at the start so they know that the tv show has started and dialog will be starting soon. the door slams which is a studio recorded sound. he does this so that it will lead on to dialog with other characters. the sound of the bike to ride past is made louder as it looks like he is coming closer and it is also really fast. the dialoge starts from the 'chavs' which include the traditional swearing and then the man changes to a nice converstaion with the other 2 character as he has a strong newcastle accent. front door open like you see in sterotypical films and tv shows. this is again a studio recorded sound so it is much louder than it would normallyt be.the dropping of the bag sound to make him noticed by the family this is also a studio recorded sound so everyone knows that they have entered the house this is also what you see in many other films.the eeee sound that is sterotypical for mums and grans to do to their young ones when they havent see them around it is also a really gordy thing to do. happy that he has arrived as its a sound of excitement. more dialoge happens and you can finally hear the voice of some of the main characters which are very strong gordy accent.then phone rings loud and in your face this is a studio recorded sound this is because they want all your attention to turn to the phone so you can understand why the girl was talking while everything else is silent.more dialoge which is inappropiate things being said. this gives the young girl a voice but it makes her loose all sophsitactiona and also gives her what the sterotypcial teenager says as he talks about sexual conducted.
mise-en-scene
people in track suits and a child riding off on a bike with the man shouting at him. 'chav'. the lad is causes problems. council estate. this maybe sterotyping by the way they look. then you have the man and the women dressed quite presntable womens top is a little see through showing youth as the older genteration wouldnt wear something so revealing. the lad had his hair swept to the side like a teenager would have so this alsp shows his youth.they walk into a terrace house but this house looks a little nicer than the rest with the white at the front. so this could show that they are a nicer family than the rest of them a sthey dont follower the 'chav' council theme and actually look slightly classy. this also makes the house stand out so it is most important house in the street in the tv show. then whe you go in you see vicky who is wearing: golden short shorts, loads of make up, crazy hair.this makes her look like a sterotypical 'slutty' gordy. then there is the gran in a flowery lilic dress in a wheel chair full covered up head to toe, grey hair big jam jar glasses. this is the sterotypcial gran she has modesty in the way she dresses as back when she was younger they didnt show skin or anything like that. and then finally there is the mum wearing a v neck top showing skin but not too much, bob hair cut. knee length skirt slight formal, she is covered up but not as much as the gran which is inbetween the gran and her daughter. she also seem sophsitcated
types of lighting in tv shows and films
Wednesday 7 November 2012
Mise-en-scene (everything in the frame)
the definition of mise-en-scene is:
its to decribe the visual aspects of what is in the frame of a film or a play. When applied to the cinema, mise-en-scène refers to everything that appears before the camera and its arrangement—composition, sets, props, actors, costumes, facial expression, body language and lighting to create meaning.
anaylising mise-en-scene in stills from Hebburn
regional identity:
image 3:
wearing full body tracksuits with addidas trainers, on a bike, outside a house, leaning a quiet relaxed. looks like a typical council estate behind them so you would say they are 'chavs'.
image 4:
covering clothes, dresses and cardiagans and the man in a suit make them look quiet wealthy. the suit doesnt have a tie so it makes him look a little more relaxed but everything still quiet formal. drinking tea and holding the sourcers under it makes the situation seem more sophsitcated. they look like they are sat on the couch in a living room. they look like a posh middle/upper class house and people that you would expect to have a posh accent. matching cups showing organisation
its to decribe the visual aspects of what is in the frame of a film or a play. When applied to the cinema, mise-en-scène refers to everything that appears before the camera and its arrangement—composition, sets, props, actors, costumes, facial expression, body language and lighting to create meaning.
anaylising mise-en-scene in stills from Hebburn
regional identity:
image 3:
wearing full body tracksuits with addidas trainers, on a bike, outside a house, leaning a quiet relaxed. looks like a typical council estate behind them so you would say they are 'chavs'.
image 4:
covering clothes, dresses and cardiagans and the man in a suit make them look quiet wealthy. the suit doesnt have a tie so it makes him look a little more relaxed but everything still quiet formal. drinking tea and holding the sourcers under it makes the situation seem more sophsitcated. they look like they are sat on the couch in a living room. they look like a posh middle/upper class house and people that you would expect to have a posh accent. matching cups showing organisation
Saturday 3 November 2012
Analysis sound and angles in and extract from misfits
I have watched an extract from misfits episode 1 season 1 and this is about the camera angles and shot and the use of sound and why they have used it at that particular moment.
use of camera angles and shots
at first you have a mid shot that slowly works up Alisha's body showing he slowly toe to head, moving up her body slowly and showing every bit of her shows that she must be important and also gives her a sexual look as the angle is moving up. then you seen Nathan this is just a mid shot seeing his facial expression and the mysterious look he has giving the look of that he isn't happy where he is. then you have a extreme close up on kelly showing her doing her hair looking depressed and a blank sort of look showing she isn't interested because you can just see her face you don't really know where she is or whats she is looking at. then the shot for Simon its close up, his face looking like everyone else expression while hes trying to be neat by sorting out what he is wearing. there is a fast shot of someones face putting on a cap slightly looking down on him showing that he properly isn't significant in the the TV show. then there is a mid shot of curtis giving him a sexual look as they look at his stomach which as a six pack and then leads his face pointing from underneath showing that this character must be significant in some way. they all are in a one shot this introduces all the characters one by one. then it flicks throw them all, every single one either a mid shot or a close showing that these people are important in the TV show. Alisha showing her cleavage giving her more of a sexual look this is how a girl is portrayed to look to be permisscious.
then it goes into a wide angle shot showing all of them standing in their orange jump suits, all stood against bars looks bored and not interested this shows that these teens are working class, not really rich, done something that is breaking the law. the angle is pointing up at all of them showing that they are important characters.
again there is a close up on all the characters just so the audiences sees all their faces once more and shows that none of the are interested in what the man in charge has to say. then when it turns to that man its a close up like the rest of them you see his facial expression and how hes really trying to take control and help them. but when Nathan says something the close up goes to him so he can talk and be the centre of attention but while he is saying things a look a disgust comes from kelly and so you get a quick close up of her face to really show the disgust, and then to the character on the left of him who is also in a close up to look at his facial expression of how un impressed he is. after there is a mid shot of all 3, which tells us that those 3 characters are the main ones speaking at that time, you can see the outline of man in charge in the for ground but he is blurred. this says that he is still important as he is closer to the camera but not as important at that time as the characters it is focused on. the close ups continue for a while as whoever talks they show them first and then the reaction of others to what has been said.
use of sound
there is a use of music at the start that builds up the tensions with the eat getting faster as it flick throw the different people the music. it gets louder and louder like they are getting ready for something to happen, sort of motivating music. then it gets so far and the music changes to make it more interesting but it is still going, getting ready music this is direct sound as yo cant hear anything from the back ground just the music playing
. then it just stops and there is a few seconds of silence for when they are all in the frame, this gives you a few seconds to just look at notice everything about these people including the setting and their outfits. after there is diagetic sound which is what yo would expect in a TV show, this gives the characters a voice which normally matches with the way they are dressed. they all have a London accent which you would normally accossiate with counsel housing and f the lower class especially Kelly who has what we would cal a 'chav' accent. there is also a studio sound this is a ring tone from a phone normally they aren't that loud or dominate in a situation like this but they have put tat over the sound. at the end music starts playing again (same music from the start) and this leads into the introduction that has been animated so this all shows that this sound is present threw out the TV show because it is the theme tune for it. it makes it more recognisable.
Terminology: 17
Analysis: 17
use of camera angles and shots
at first you have a mid shot that slowly works up Alisha's body showing he slowly toe to head, moving up her body slowly and showing every bit of her shows that she must be important and also gives her a sexual look as the angle is moving up. then you seen Nathan this is just a mid shot seeing his facial expression and the mysterious look he has giving the look of that he isn't happy where he is. then you have a extreme close up on kelly showing her doing her hair looking depressed and a blank sort of look showing she isn't interested because you can just see her face you don't really know where she is or whats she is looking at. then the shot for Simon its close up, his face looking like everyone else expression while hes trying to be neat by sorting out what he is wearing. there is a fast shot of someones face putting on a cap slightly looking down on him showing that he properly isn't significant in the the TV show. then there is a mid shot of curtis giving him a sexual look as they look at his stomach which as a six pack and then leads his face pointing from underneath showing that this character must be significant in some way. they all are in a one shot this introduces all the characters one by one. then it flicks throw them all, every single one either a mid shot or a close showing that these people are important in the TV show. Alisha showing her cleavage giving her more of a sexual look this is how a girl is portrayed to look to be permisscious.
then it goes into a wide angle shot showing all of them standing in their orange jump suits, all stood against bars looks bored and not interested this shows that these teens are working class, not really rich, done something that is breaking the law. the angle is pointing up at all of them showing that they are important characters.
again there is a close up on all the characters just so the audiences sees all their faces once more and shows that none of the are interested in what the man in charge has to say. then when it turns to that man its a close up like the rest of them you see his facial expression and how hes really trying to take control and help them. but when Nathan says something the close up goes to him so he can talk and be the centre of attention but while he is saying things a look a disgust comes from kelly and so you get a quick close up of her face to really show the disgust, and then to the character on the left of him who is also in a close up to look at his facial expression of how un impressed he is. after there is a mid shot of all 3, which tells us that those 3 characters are the main ones speaking at that time, you can see the outline of man in charge in the for ground but he is blurred. this says that he is still important as he is closer to the camera but not as important at that time as the characters it is focused on. the close ups continue for a while as whoever talks they show them first and then the reaction of others to what has been said.
use of sound
there is a use of music at the start that builds up the tensions with the eat getting faster as it flick throw the different people the music. it gets louder and louder like they are getting ready for something to happen, sort of motivating music. then it gets so far and the music changes to make it more interesting but it is still going, getting ready music this is direct sound as yo cant hear anything from the back ground just the music playing
. then it just stops and there is a few seconds of silence for when they are all in the frame, this gives you a few seconds to just look at notice everything about these people including the setting and their outfits. after there is diagetic sound which is what yo would expect in a TV show, this gives the characters a voice which normally matches with the way they are dressed. they all have a London accent which you would normally accossiate with counsel housing and f the lower class especially Kelly who has what we would cal a 'chav' accent. there is also a studio sound this is a ring tone from a phone normally they aren't that loud or dominate in a situation like this but they have put tat over the sound. at the end music starts playing again (same music from the start) and this leads into the introduction that has been animated so this all shows that this sound is present threw out the TV show because it is the theme tune for it. it makes it more recognisable.
Terminology: 17
Analysis: 17
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